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022			_a09733574
040			_aMAIN
041			_aEnglish
100			_aChiou, Paul _963403
245			_aSource Identification of Houston Aerosol with Carbon Fractions in Positive Matrix Factorization / _cPaul Chiou...et.al.
310			_a7 Vol., Issue 1-2 (135-152 p.)
520			_aSpeciated samples of PM,, were collected at the Deer Park site in Houston, Texas by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) from July of 2004 to December of 2007. A total of 307 (Envirorwich 55 species including 4 organic carbon fractions were measured however were excluded because of too many below-detection-limit data. The data set was analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) to infer the sources of PM observed at the site. The analysis identified ten source-related factors: sulfate-rich secondary aerosol (53.3%), highway traffic (13.7%), aged sea-salt (7.5%), airborne soil (5.4%), nitrate-rich secondary aerosol (5.3%) gasoline vehicle (5.3%), wood smoke (3.4%), railroad traffic (3.1%), sea salt (1.7%), and on- road diesel emissions (1.2%). Sulfate and nitrate mainly exist as ammonium salts. The sulfate- rich secondary aerosol accounts for the highest of the PM, mass concentration at the site. The factor containing highest concentrations of Cl and Na was attributed to sea salt due to the proximity of the monitoring sites to the Gulf of Mexico. The aged sea-salt was related to the sea salt aerosol but was separately identified because of the chlorine replacement reactions. Furthermore, unlike some previous studies (Chiou et al. 2008, 2009) using only the traditional OC data, this study demonstrates that the utilization of fractional carbon data can enhance source apportionment to separate diesel emissions from gasoline vehicle sources.
650			_aAirborne Pariculate Matter _963405
650			_aCarbon Fraction _963408
650			_aPositive Matrix Factorization _963410
650			_aConditional Probability Function _963412
700			_aShah, Jalpa _4Co- Author _963414
700			_aLin, Che- Jen _4Co- Author _963416
700			_aTadmor, Rafael Tadmor _4Co- Author _963418
700			_aChu, Hsing- Wei _4Co- Author _963420
700			_aT.C. Ho _4Co- Author _963422
773	0		_08774 _912505 _dNew Delhi : Serials Publications, 2004. _oJ000078 _tInternational Journal of Environment & Development _x09733574
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