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100			_aLi, Bingqin _950079
245			_aCan co-production be state-led? Policy pilots in four Chinese cities/
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_aVol 31, issue 1, 2019 : (249-266 p.).
520			_aLocal Chinese governments have been experimenting with a form of top-down “co-production” under different names and for various purposes. This paper examines practices in four Chinese cities to understand the process by which this co-production is introduced, its implementation and its outcomes. We found that in these cities, co-production is imposed on urban communities by the higher authorities, with the state playing very active roles in initiating, financing and facilitating the process. Despite the much-improved community environment, communities are not participating to the extent that the state would like. Nonetheless, we argue that this top-down approach has its merits. It may be an efficient way to ignite the co-production process and to some extent sustain it. When these practices are embedded in an authoritarian hierarchy, however, local officials involved are unavoidably evaluated by two separate performance assessment systems, the hierarchical and the horizontal, which so far have not been compatible.
650			_aChina, _950071
650			_a co-production, _949035
650			_a state-led, _950080
650			_a top-down, _949851
650			_aurban communities _950081
700			_aHu, Bo _950082
700			_aLiu, Tao _950083
700			_aFang, Lijie _950084
773	0		_08744 _916490 _dLondon Sage Publications Ltd. 1989 _tEnvironment & urbanization _x0956-2478
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818797276
942			_2ddc _cART
999			_c12559 _d12559