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100			_a Su, Xiaobo _930414
245			_aOpium substitution, reciprocal control and the tensions of geoeconomic integration in the China–Myanmar Border
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_aVol 51, Issue 8, 2019,( 1665-1683 p.)
520			_aOver the past decade, the Chinese state has launched a strategic opium substitution program to support agricultural firms in Yunnan province to invest in northern Myanmar, which is second only to Afghanistan in drug production. These Yunnanese firms are encouraged to collaborate with or hire ex-poppy farmers to plant rubber, sugarcane, tea, corn, and other crops so that these farmers can leave the drug economy successfully. This paper examines the context and challenges of this program through a framework that highlights the tensions between geopolitics and geoeconomics. At one level, the framework demonstrates how the geopolitics–geoeconomics relationship is reinforced by reciprocal control: the promise of monetary profits has become a strategic tool for the Chinese state to implement narcotics control in northern Myanmar. At another level, however, reciprocity is manifested unevenly as not all private producers respond to this strategy in a positive and engaged manner. This unevenness inevitably generates regulatory tensions at multiple scales and underscores, in turn, how border security remains intrinsically unstable vis-a-vis attempts at geoeconomic integration.
650			_aReciprocal control, _945023
650			_a transnational agribusiness, _945029
650			_a China, _945025
650			_a Myanmar, _945030
650			_ageopolitics, _945027
650			_ageoeconomics, _945038
650			_a border security _945039
700			_aLim, Kean Fan _939996
773	0		_011325 _915507 _dSage, 2019. _tEnvironmental and planning A: Economy and space
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19863066
942			_2ddc _cART