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100			_aYao, Zhiyuan _939861
245			_aChanges of Urban Structure and Commuting: An Application to Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_aVol 42, Issue 1, 2019(3-30 p.)
520			_aWhile urban structures have been delineated at the regional level, few works have explored the impact of urban structures on commuting at this same level. This article studies how urban structures affect commuting from 2000 to 2010. It applies a spatial statistical tool, standard deviation ellipses, to capture spatial patterns of jobs and residential workers for metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Two urban structure indexes are constructed to illustrate different decentralization levels of employment with reference to the distribution of residential workers; one illustrates the spatial decentralization of high job density nodes, while the other shows the spatial decentralization of moderate job density nodes. Commuting times of two modes by private cars and public transit are analyzed along with the number of commuters. The results highlight three findings: (1) MSAs become more compact in terms of employment distribution, (2) more decentralized high-density nodes lead to less total commuting times, and on the other hand, more decentralized moderate job density nodes contribute to longer commuting times, and (3) the decentralization of high job density nodes is associated with less commuting time of private cars, while they have insignificant effect on commuting time of public transit.
650			_aurban structure, _939862
650			_acommuting, _939863
650			_amode, _939291
650			_astandard deviation ellipses, _939864
650			_aworkers, _939865
650			_ajobs, _931926
650			_aemployment _939866
700			_aKim, Changjoo _939867
773	0		_011129 _915490 _dSage, 2019. _tInternational regional science review
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0160017617744610
942			_2ddc _cART