Karakiewicz, Justyna <br/><br/>
Perturbanism in Future Cities:  Enhancing Sustainability in the Galapagos Islands through Complex Adaptive Systems/ 

 -  Wiley,  2020. 
 - Vol 90, Issue 3, 2020:( 38-43 p.). 
<br/><br/> Can strategies be developed for urban design that do not make assumptions of form making? Architect and professor at the University of Melbourne Justyna Karakiewicz is an advocate of complex adaptive systems (CAS) as a means to do so. As she explains, CAS demands analysis and design of continual perturbations in city dynamics caused over time by internal and external deviational forces.