Kalathil, Sruthi Thazhathe  <br/><br/>
Review of step-pool hydrodynamics in mountain streams / 

 -  Sage,  2019. 
 - Vol 43, issue 5, 2019 : (607-626 p.). 
<br/><br/> Step-pools are one of the major types of bed morphology prevalent in mountain streams. They have a unique flow structure as compared to low-gradient streams, in terms of large boundary elements and alternating super-critical and sub-critical flow conditions, which result in a non-uniform flow regime. Step-pools may also be constructed artificially to restore mountain incisions, and for creating close-to-nature fish passes. For hydraulic model development and various design considerations, the accurate prediction of flow phenomenon is required. This necessitates a detailed study of the turbulence phenomenon in natural step-pool reaches and its effect on the total flow. However, the influence of aerated conditions in step-pool hydrodynamics has not yet been adequately addressed. This paper presents a review of the mechanism of flow resistance and energy dissipation in step-pool mountain streams. Also, the significance of incorporating air entrainment in flow analysis, limitations and the way forward in modeling air–water flow in laboratory studies are discussed. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Steep streams,<br/> step-pools, <br/>large-scale roughness,<br/> turbulence,<br/> air entrainment