TY  - SER
AU  - Dawson, P. 
TI  - Protection from Undesirable Neighbors : The Use of Deed Restrictions in Shaker Heights, Ohio Virginia P. Dawson Virginia 
PY  - 2019///
PB  - Sage
KW  - anti-Semitism
KW  - Shaker Heights
KW  - real estate
KW  - Newton D. Baker
KW  - African Americans
KW  - Van Sweringen Company
KW  - suburban planning
KW  - racial discrimination
KW  - deed restrictions
KW  - Cleveland
N2  - Stringent architectural and building restrictions were put in place as the Van Sweringen Company laid out Shaker Heights, Ohio, an exclusive planned community, incorporated in 1912. In 1925, as African Americans and Jews sought to purchase property there, the company devised and implemented a new restriction that, while containing no overtly discriminatory language, succeeded in achieving the company’s discriminatory objective. The company and, later, the City of Shaker Heights would continue to enforce this restriction well beyond 1948 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled religious and racial covenants unenforceable.


UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1538513218791466
ER  -